Die Rolle der Orthopraxis in der Entwicklung post-utopischer Kibbuz-Modelle

Hauptsächlicher Artikelinhalt

Merlin Becskey

Abstract

Dieser Artikel untersucht den Kibbuz Samar als ein seltenes Beispiel einer post-utopischen, egalitären Gemeinschaft, die zentrale Prinzipien des demokratischen Kibbuz-Sozialismus bewahrt und anarchistisch inspirierte Selbstorganisationspraktiken integriert. Basierend auf ethnografischer Feldforschung stellt er das Konzept der Orthopraxis – eine praxisorientierte Alternative zur ideologischen Orthodoxie – und zeigt, wie Samar hegemoniale neoliberale Logiken sowie bürokratischen Realismus unterläuft. Trotz wachsender interner Spannungen und externer Transformationsdrucke bleibt Samar ein Ort kollektiver Aushandlung, flexibler Kooperation und solidarischen Wirtschaftens – als gelebtes Gegenmodell zur kapitalistischen Realität.
Schlagwörter: Post-Utopie, Kibbuz-Sozialismus, Orthopraxis, Anarchistische Praxis, Kollektive Selbstverwaltung, intentionale Gemeinschaft


Bibliographie: Becskey, Merlin: Die Rolle der Orthopraxis in der Entwicklung post-utopischer Kibbuz-Modelle, PERIPHERIE – Politik • Ökonomie • Kultur, Nr. 177-178 (1-2025), S. 66-83.

Artikel-Details

Erscheinungsdatum: August 2025
Open Access ab: 28.08.2027
Open-Access-Lizenz: CC BY 4.0

Literatur

Abramitzky, Ran (2018): The Mystery of the Kibbutz. Egalitarian Principles in a Capitalist World. Princeton, US-NJ (https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400888153).

Allard, Oliver (2012): „Bureaucratic Anxiety, Asymmetrical Interactions and the Role of Documents in the Orinoco Delta“. In: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, S. 234-256 (https://doi.org/10.14318/hau2.2.013).

Amit-Cohen, Irit, & Michael Sofer (2016): „Cultural Heritage and its Economic Potential in Rural Society. The Case of the Kibbutzim in Israel“. In: Land Use Policy, Nr. 57, S. 368-376 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.05.031).

Banai, Moshe; John Nirberg & Moshe Menachem (2000): „Leadership in Self-Managing Organizations: Orpheus and a Date Plantation“. In: Journal of Leadership Studies, Bd. 7, Nr. 3, S. 3-7 (https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190000700301).

Becskey, Merlin (2021): 40 Years in the Desert. Orthopraxy instead of Orthodoxy in an Anarchist Kibbutz. Münster u.a.

Ben-Rafael, Eliezer (2011): „Kibbutz: Survival at Risk“. In: Israel Studies, Bd. 16, Nr. 2, S. 81-108 (https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.16.2.81).

Ben-Rafael, Eliezer, & Orna Shemer (2021): The Metamorphosis of the Kibbutz. Leiden (https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004439955).

Boehm, Christopher (1993): „Egalitarian Behaviour and Reverse Dominance Hierarchy“. In: Current Anthropology, Bd. 34, Nr. 3, S. 227-254 (https://doi.org/10.1086/204166).

Bourdieu, Pierre (1977 [1972]): Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge, UK (https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812507).

Buchanan, Ian (2000): Michel de Certeau. Cultural Theorist. London, UK (https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446218235).

Cohen, Anthony (1985): The Symbolic Construction of Community. London, UK, & New York, US-NY (https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203323373).

de Certeau, Michel (1984): The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, US-CA, u.a.

Eskelinen, Teppo; Keijo Lakkala & Maria Laakso (2020): „Introduction: Utopias and the Revival of Imagination“. In: Eskelinen, Teppo (Hg.) The Revival of Political Imagination: Utopia as Methodology. London, UK, S. 3-19.

Evens, Terence (1995): Two Kinds of Rationality: Kibbutz Democracy and Generational Conflict: Kibbutz Democracy and the Confl ict Between the Generations. Minneapolis, US-MN.

Fisher, Mark (2009): Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? London, UK.

Garsten, Christina, & Anette Nyqvist (2013): Organisational Anthropology: Doing Ethnography in and among Complex Organizations. London, UK.

Gavron, Daniel (2000): The Kibbutz: Awakening from Utopia. New York, US-NY.

Geoghegan, Vincent (1987): Socialism and Religion: Roads to Utopia. London, UK.

Graeber, David (2015): The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. London, UK.

Grey, Christopher, & Christina Garsten (2002): „Organized and Disorganized Utopias: An Essay on Presumption“. In: The Sociological Review, Bd. 50, Nr. 1, S. 9-23 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2002.tb03576.x).

Handelman, Don (2004): Nationalism and the Israeli State: Bureaucratic Logic in Public Events. London, UK.

Horrox, James (2009): A Living Revolution: Anarchism in the Kibbutz Movement. Edinburgh, UK, u.a.

Jacoby, Russel (1999): Picture Imperfect: Utopian Thought for an Anti-Utopian Age. New York, US-NY.

Killick, Evan (2007): „Autonomy and Leadership: Political Formations among the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia“. Ethnos, Bd. 72, Nr. 4, S. 461-482 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840701768284).

Kropotkin, Peter (2009): Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. London, UK (https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831296-016).

Leviatan, Uriel (1984): „Research Note: The Kibbutz as a Situation for Cross-Cultural Research“. In: Organization Studies, Bd. 5, Nr. 1, S. 67-75 (https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068400500104).

Leviatan, Uriel (1999): „Contribution of Social Arrangements to the Attainment of Successful Aging. The Experience of the Israeli Kibbutz“. In: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Bd. 54B, Nr. 4, S. 205-213 (https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/54B.4.P205).

Near, Henry (2011): Where Community Happens: The Kibbutz and the Philosophy of Communalism. Frankfurt a.M. u.a (https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0353-0128-1).

Oved, Ya’acov (2012): „Anarchist Utopias and the Kibbutz Movement“. In: Blaim, Artur, & Ludmilla Gruszewska-Blaim (Hg.): Spectres of Utopia: Theories, Practices, and Conventions. Frankfurt a.M. u.a., S. 120-128.

Overing, Joanna (2014): „The Spectre of the Tyrant: Power, Violence, and the Poetics of an Amazonian Egalitarianism“. Hobart, Angela, & Bruce Kapferer (Hg.): Contesting the State: The Dynamics of Resistance and Control. Hereford, UK.

Palgi, Michal, & Shlomo Getz (2014): „Varieties in Developing Sustainability: The Case of the Israeli Kibbutz“. In: International Review of Sociology/Revue Internationale De Sociologie, Bd. 24, Nr. 1, S. 38-47 (https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2014.894344).

Palgi, Michal, & Bracha Shamir (2005): „Collective Communities and Longevity: An Empirical Analysis of the Kibbutz Population“. In: Journal of Aging Studies, Nr. 4, S. 405-421.

Pauker, Alon (2011): „The Early Roots of a Later Crisis – The Kibbutz Crisis of the 1980s and Its Roots at the Time of the Establishment of the State of Israel“. In: Palgi, Michal, & Shulamit Reinharz (Hg.): One Hundred Years of Kibbutz Life: A Century of Crises and Reinvention. London, UK, S. 19-32 (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315125749-3).

Ringel, Felix (2012): „Towards Anarchist Futures? Creative Presentism, Vanguard Practices and Anthropological Hopes“. In: Critique of Anthropology, Bd. 32, Nr. 2, S. 173-188 (https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X12437979).

Rivière, Peter (1984): Individual and Society in Guiana: A Comparative Study of Amerindian Social Organisation. Cambridge, UK (https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511558115).

Schulman, Jason (2003): „The Life and Death of Socialist Zionism“. In: New Politics, Nr. 35, S. 1-26, https://www.marxists.org/subject/jewish/schulman-socialist-zionism.pdf, letzter Aufruf: 8.7.2025.

Scott, James (2012): Two Cheers for Anarchism: Six Pieces on Autonomy, Dignity, and Meaningful Work and Play. Princeton, US-NJ (https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400844623).

Simons, Tal, & Paul Ingram (2000): „The Kibbutz for Organizational Behavior“. In: Research in Organizational Behavior, Nr. 22, S. 283-343 (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(00)22008-X).

Sosis, Richard, & Bradley Ruffle (2004): „Ideology, Religion, and the Evolution of Cooperation: Field Experiments on Israeli Kibbutzim“. In: Socioeconomic Aspects of Human Behavioural Ecology, Nr. 23, S. 89-117 (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-1281(04)23004-9).

Spiro, Melford (2004): „Utopia and its Discontents: The Kibbutz and Its Historical Vicissitudes“. In: American Anthropologist, Bd. 106, Nr. 3, S. 556-568 (https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2004.106.3.556).

Tönnies, Ferdinand (1887): Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft: Abhandlung des Communismus und des Sozialismus als Empirischer Culturformen. Berlin: Deutsches Textarchiv, http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/toennies_gemeinschaft_1887, letzter Aufruf: 23.7.2024.

Woodburn, James (1982): „Egalitarian Societies“. In: Man, New Series, Bd. 17, Nr. 3, S. 431-451 (https://doi.org/10.2307/2801707).

Mehr lesen