In the Search for a Room of One’s Own. Gendered Power Structures in the Council of the European Union

Main Article Content

Katarzyna Szkuta

Abstract

Adopting a feminist institutionalist approach, the article examines the power dynamics and resistance involved in establishing a dedicated Council of the European Union configuration for gender equality. The study reveals the significant role of rules, strategic alliances, institutional and individual actors, and procedural precedents in advancing or hindering gender equality initiatives. Through a combination of document analysis and the author's unique insider perspective based on accidental ethnography approach, the article provides an in-depth look at the formal and informal mechanisms that shape gender equality policy in the Council. The findings underscore the complex interplay of actors’ interest, offering insights into the persistent challenges of achieving gender equality within this key albeit understudied EU institution.
Keywords: Council of the EU, Gender Mainstreaming, Ethnography, Feminist Institutionalism


Bibliography: Szkuta, Katarzyna: In the Search for a Room of One’s Own. Gendered Power Structures in the Council of the European Union, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 2-2025, pp. 61-74.

Article Details

Published: November 2025
Open Access from: 2025-11-12
Open Access License: CC BY 4.0

Literature

Abels, Gabriele, 2020: Gendering the Council System. In: Abels, Gabriele/Krizsán, Andrea/MacRae, Heather/van der Vleuten, Anna (Eds.): The Routledge Handbook of Gender and EU Politics. London, 120-132.

Abels, Gabriele/Mushaben, Joyce M., 2020: Great Expectations, Structural Limitations: Ursula von der Leyen and the Commission’s New Equality Agenda. In: Journal of Common Market Studies. 58 (S1), 121-132.

Agence Europe, 2021 : Charles Michel se Dit Prêt à Examiner les Appels à la Création d’une Formation du Conseil de l’UE Consacrée à l’Égalité de Genre. 12706. Internet: https://agenceurope.eu/fr/bulletin/article/12706/9 (14.7.2025).

Ahrens, Petra/Callerstig, Anne-Charlott, 2017: The European Social Fund and the Institutionalization of Gender Mainstreaming in Sweden and Germany. In: Macrae, Heather/Weiner, Elaine (Eds.): Towards Gendering Institutionalism: Equality in Europe. London, 69-97.

Ahrens, Petra/Gaweda, Barbara/Kantola, Johanna, 2022: Reframing the Language of Human Rights? Political Group Contestations on Women’s and LGBTQI Rights in European Parliament Debates. In: Journal of European Integration. 44 (6), 803-819.

Ahrens, Petra/Meier, Petra/Rolandsen Agustín, Lise, 2023: The European Parliament and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Achievements Based on the Concept of Power. In: Journal of Common Market Studies. 61 (4), 1065-1081.

Bonetti, Elena/Schiappa, Marlène/Ciolos,, Dacian/Loiseau, Nathalie/in ’t Veld, Sophie/Tolleret, Irène/Zacharopoulou, Chrysoula/Brunet Sylvie, 2020: How the EU Can Put Gender on the Agenda. In: Politico, 6.3.2020. Internet: https://www.politico.eu/article/how-the-eu-can-put-gender-equality-womens-rights-on-the-agenda/ (14.7.2025).

Celis, Karen/Lovenduski, Joni, 2018: Power Struggles: Gender Equality in Political Representation. In: European Journal of Politics and Gender. 1 (1), 149-166.

Chappell, Louise/Mackay, Fiona, 2020: Feminist Critical Friends: Dilemmas of Feminist Engagement with Governance and Gender Reform Agendas. In: European Journal of Politics and Gender. 4 (3), 321-340.

Council of Europe, 1998: Gender Mainstreaming: Conceptual Framework, Methodology and Presentation of Good Practices. Report of Activities and Achievements. Strasbourg.

Council of the European Union, 2024: Possible Change to the Title of the Council Configuration “Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs”. 8814/24.

Council of the European Union, 2025. Internet: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/epsco/2024/05/07 (11.7.2025).

Elomäki, Anna/Kantola, Johanna/Ahrens, Petra/Berthet, Valentine/Gaweda, Barbara/Miller, Cherry, 2023: The Role of National Delegations in the Politics of the European Parliament. In: West European Politics. 47 (6), 1251-1275.

European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), 2022. Internt: https://eige.europa.eu/gender-mainstreaming/institutions-and-structures/european-union (14.7.2025).

European Parliament, 2020: Resolution of 17 December 2020 on the Need for a Dedicated Council Configuration on Gender Equality (2020/2896(RSP)).

European Women’s Lobby, 2024: Europe at the Crossroads. Equal Participation of Women at All Levels: Prerequisite for Peace, Prosperity & Societal Change. Internet: https://womenlobby.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ewl_manifesto_-_english_3_.pdf (10.7.2025).

Eyben, Rosalind, 2010: Hiding Relations: The Irony Of ‘Effective Aid’. In: The European Journal of Development Research. 22 (3), 382-397.

Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, 2020: Trio Presidency Declaration on Gender Equality. Internet: https://eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/trio_presidency_declaration_on_gender_equality.pdf (10.7.2025).

Gurmai, Zita/Noichl, Maria, 2021: Sofagate is Proof: Women Deserve a Seat Where it Really Matters. In: Social Europe. Internet: https://www.socialeurope.eu/sofagate-is-proof-women-deserve-a-seat-where-it-really-matters (14.7.2025).

Heisenberg, Dorothee, 2005: The Institution of ‘Consensus’ in the European Union: Formal Versus Informal Decision-Making in the Council. In: European Journal of Political Research. 44 (1), 65-90.

ILGA Europe and 140 civil Society Organisations, 2024: Joint Statement: Paving the Way for an Equality-Centred Policy Cycle. Internet: https://www.ilga-europe.org/news/joint-statement-paving-the-way-for-an-equality-centred-policy-cycle/ (13.8.2025).

Jacqout, Sophie 2009: La Fin d’une Politique d’Exception. L’Émergence du Gender Mainstreaming et la Normalisation de la Politique Communautaire d’Égalité Entre les Femmes et les Hommes. In: Revue Française de Science Politique. 59 (2), 247-277.

Jacquot, Sophie 2010: The Paradox of Gender Mainstreaming: Unanticipated Effects of New Modes of Governance in the Gender Equality Domain. In: West European Politics. 33 (1), 118-135.

Jacquot, Sophie, 2015: Transformations in EU Gender Equality. From Emergence to Dismantling. Basingstoke.

Kantola, Johanna/Dahl, Hanne Marlene, 2005: Gender and The State: From Differences Between to Differences Within. In: International Feminist Journal of Politics. 7 (1), 49–70.

Kantola, Johanna/Waylen, Georgina, 2024: Analysing Legislatures Using a Feminist Institutionalist Lens. In: European Journal of Politics and Gender, early view https://doi.org/10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000048.

Latour, Bruno, 1984: The Powers of Association. In: The Sociological Review. 32 (1), 264-280.

Levitan, Joseph/Carr-Chellman, Davin Jules/Carr-Chellman, Alison, 2017: Accidental Ethnography: A Method for Practitioner-Based Education Research. In: Action Research. 18 (3), 336-352.

Mergaert, Lut/Lombardo, Emanuela 2014: Resistance to Implementing Gender Mainstreaming in EU Research Policy. In: Weiner, Elaine/MacRae, Heather (Eds.): The Persistent Invisibility of Gender in EU Policy. European Integration Online Papers. 1 (18), Article 5, 1-21. Internet: https://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/2014-005.pdf (14.7.2025).

Naurin, Daniel/Naurin, Elin/Alexander, Amy, 2019: Gender Stereotyping and Chivalry in International Negotiations: A Survey Experiment in the Council of the European Union. In: International Organization. 73 (2), 469-488.

Olczak, Victoire, 2024: Advancing Gender Equality: What Perspective for the Next EU Legis lative Cycle? Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Brussels. Internet: https://eu.boell.org/en/2024/05/21/advancing-gender-equality-what-perspective-next-eu-legislative-cycle (14.7.2025).

PES Women, 2020: It is Time to Create a Formal Council Configuration for Gender Equality – PES Women. Internet: https://women.pes.eu/equality/pes-women-it-is-time-to-create-a-formal-council-configuration-for-gender-equality (14.7.2025).

Roggeband, Conny 2018: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Making Sense of Opposition to Feminisms from a Social-Movement Perspective. In: Roggeband, Conny/Verloo, Mieke, 2018 (Eds.): Varieties of Opposition to Gender Equality in Europe. New York, 19-37.

De Silva, Monika, 2025: Language-Bargaining in the Council of the European Union: Meaning Negotiations and The Concept of Gender Equality. In: Journal of European Public Policy, 1-27, early view. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2442077

De Silva, Monika/Tepliakova, Mariia, 2024: Populist Challenge? Negotiating the EU’s Accession to the Istanbul Convention in the Council. In: Politics and Governance. 12. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8110.

Stratigaki, Maria, 2005: Gender Mainstreaming vs Positive Action: An Ongoing Conflict in EU Gender Equality Policy. In: European Journal of Women’s Studies. 12 (2), 165-186.

Tallberg, Jonas, 2008: The Power of the Chair: Formal Leadership by Council Presidency, 2008. In: Naurin, Daniel/Wallace, Hellen 2008 (Eds.): Unveiling the Council of the European Union: Games governments play in Brussels. Basingstoke, 187-202.

van der Vleuten, Anna, 2016: Intergovernmentalism: Gendering A Dinosaur? In: Abels, Gabriele/Macrae, Heather (Eds.): Gendering European Integration Theory: Engaging New Dialogues. Opladen, Berlin, Toronto, 77-97.

Weiner, Elaine/MacRae, Heather, 2014: The Persistent Invisibility of Gender in EU Policy. In: European Integration Online Papers. 18 (1), Article 3, 1-20. Internet: https://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/2014-003.pdf (14.7.2025).

Woolf, Virginia, 2004 (1929): A Room of One’s Own. Harlow.

Read More