Kulturell inklusive Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung: Einblicke aus den San-Gemeinschaften in Namibia

Main Article Content

Evelyn Ndinelao Breuer

Abstract

Culturally inclusive Nutrition and Consumer Education: Insights from the San Communities in Namibia
This article analyzes how informal learning processes in Nutrition and Consumer Education take place in the San Communitys of Namibia through informal, community-based learning processes and how these interact with external influences. Based on a qualitative case study, the article highlights the relevance of indigenous knowledge for sustainable nutrition, and provides insights and implications for a culturally inclusive nutrition and consumer education.
Keywords: Informal learning, nutrition and consumer education, indigenous knowledge, San communities, cultural inclusion


Bibliography: Breuer, Evelyn Ndinelao: Kulturell inklusive Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung: Einblicke aus den San-Gemeinschaften in Namibia, HiBiFo – Haushalt in Bildung & Forschung, 1-2026, pp. 89-100. 

Article Details

Published: March 2026
Open Access from: 2028-03-03
Open Access License: CC BY 4.0

Literature

Al-Nuaimi, S. R. & Al-Ghamdi, S. G. (2022). Sustainable Consumption and Education for Sustainability in Higher Education. Sustainability, 14(12), 7255. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127255

Bartsch, S., Büning-Fesel, M., Johannsen, U., Kastrup, J., Lührmann, P., Oepping, A. & Rademacher, C. (2024). Nutrition education in the context of sustainable development: Recommendations for professionals, the education system, and policy. Ernährungs Umschau, 71(1), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.4455/eu.2024.002

Biesele, M. & Hitchcock, R. K. (2011). The Ju/’hoan San of Nyae Nyae and Namibian independence: Development, democracy, and indigenous voices in Southern Africa. Berghahn Books.

Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Breuer, E. N. (2022). The nutrition environment among young San children in Oshandi: A case study. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies, 13224. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/13224

Chambers, R. (1994). Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Challenges, potentials and paradigm. World Development, 22(10), 1437–1454.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(94)90030-2

Clarke, G. S. (2022). Empowering Indigenous communities through a culturally responsive evaluation of a federal program. New Directions for Evaluation, 2022(175), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20594

Cornwall, A. & Jewkes, R. (1995). What is participatory research? Social Science & Medicine, 41(12), 1667–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S

Creswell, J. W. & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4. Aufl.). Sage.

Davies, A., Gwynn, J., Allman-Farinelli, M., Flood, V., Dickson, M., Turner, N., Porykali, B. & Lock, M. (2023). Programs addressing food security for First Nations peoples: A scoping review. Nutrients, 15(14), 3127. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143127

Dieckmann, J., Thiele, S. & Schneider, K. (2014). Food practices and Nutrition knowledge in marginalized communities. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(5), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.03.002

Domingo, A., Yessis, J., Charles, K. A., et al. (2023). Integrating knowledge and action: Learnings from an implementation program for food security and food sovereignty with First Nations communities within Canada. Implementation Science, 18, 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-023-01291-2

Emmanuel, R., Read, U. M., Grande, A. J. & Harding, S. (2023). Acceptability and feasibility of community gardening interventions for the prevention of non-communicable diseases among Indigenous populations: A scoping review. Nutrients, 15, 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030791

Finlay, L. (2002). Negotiating the swamp: The opportunity and challenge of reflexivity in research practice. Qualitative Research, 2(2), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410200200205

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder.

Gyawali, B., Mkoma, G. F. & Harsch, S. (2024). Social determinants influencing Nutrition behaviors and cardiometabolic health in Indigenous populations: A scoping review of the literature. Nutrients, 16(16), 2750. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162750

Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in practice (4. Aufl.). Routledge.

Heim, A. & Paksi, A. (2019). Low dietary diversity and its influencing factors among a San group in Namibia. BMC Research Notes, 12, 365. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4408-8

Hoddinot, J. (2016). Agriculture, food security, and nutrition: Making the connections. Global Food Security, 10, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2016.06.001

Hohmann, T. (2003). San and the state: Contesting land, development, identity and representation in the Kalahari. Basler Afrika Bibliographien.

Jernigan, V. B. B., Salvatore, A. L., Styne, D. M., Winkleby, M. A., Bruce, M. A., Chan, C. H. & Henderson, J. A. (2022). Design and methods of a participatory healthy eating intervention in American Indian and Alaska Native communities: The Indigenous food sovereignty movement. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 54(10), 913–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2022.03.014

Kindon, S., Pain, R. & Kesby, M. (2013). Participatory action research approaches and methods: Connecting people, participation, and place. Routledge.

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.

Kshatriya, M., Wang, K.-W., Hildebrand, J., Crawford, R., Nadarajah, A., Youssef, M., Kaushal, A., Banfield, L. E., Thabane, L. & Samaan, M. C. (2023). The effectiveness of Indigenous knowledge-based lifestyle interventions in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indigenous children in Canada: A systematic review. Advances in Health and Medical Sciences, 14, 175-193. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S405814

Lee, A. J. & Herron, L.-M. (2024). Improving economic access to healthy diets in First Nations communities in high-income, colonised countries: A systematic scoping review. Nutrition Journal, 23, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00895-0

Lee, R. B. (2013). The Dobe Ju/’hoansi (4. Aufl.). Cengage Learning.

Lew-Levy, S., Reckin, R., Lavi, N., Cristóbal-Azkarate, J. & Ellis-Davies, K. (2017). How do hunter-gatherer children learn subsistence skills? Human Nature, 28(4), 367–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-017-9302-2

Livingstone, K. M., Love, P., Mathers, J. C., Kirkpatrick, S. I. & Olstad, D. L. (2023). Cultural adaptations and tailoring of public health nutrition interventions in Indigenous peoples and ethnic minority groups: Opportunities for personalised and precision nutrition. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 82(4), 478–486. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966512300304X

Lopes, C. V. A., Neri, J. L. d. S., Hunter, J., Ronto, R. & Mihrshahi, S. (2024). Interventions and programs using native foods to promote health: A scoping review. Nutrients, 16(23), 4222. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234222

Marshall, J. & Ritchie, A. (1984). Where are the Ju/Wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushman society: 1958–1981. RAIN, 62, 4–8.

Marsick, V. J. & Watkins, K. E. (1990). Informal and incidental learning in the workplace. Routledge.

Maudrie, T. L., Caulfield, L. E., Nguyen, C. J., Walls, M. L., Haroz, E. E., Moore, L. R., Dionne-Thunder, R., Vital, J., LaFloe, B. & Norris, A. (2024). Community-engaged development of strengths-based nutrition measures: The Indigenous nourishment scales. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111496

McLaren, P. (2000). Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the pedagogy of revolution. Rowman & Littlefield.

Müller, H. (2025). Verbraucherinnen- und Verbraucherbildung in Deutschland. Studien zur Charakterisierung ihrer Situation an Schulen am Beispiel einer Publikationsanalyse. TU Berlin. https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-23798

Nakanyete, N. (2020). Cultural tourism and the commodification of indigenous Heritage in Namibia: A study of San communities in the Nyae Nyae Conservancy. University of Namibia Press.

Nakanyete, N. F., Matengu, K. K. & Revilla Diez, J. (2025). Community Enterprises for fair partnerships in non-timber forest product value chains? The case of San communities in northern Namibia. Geoforum, 160, 104237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104237

Odora Hoppers, C. A. (Hrsg.). (2002). Indigenous knowledge and the integration of knowledge systems: Towards a philosophy of articulation. New Africa Books.

Poirier, B. F., Soares, G., Neufeld, H. T., Hedges, J., Sethi, S. & Jamieson, L. (2024). Conceptualising the relationships between food sovereignty, food security and oral health among global Indigenous communities: A scoping review. Public Health Nutrition. Advance online. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024000632

Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4. Aufl.). Sage.

Shor, I. (1992). Empowering education: Critical teaching for social change. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/E/bo4034411.html

Smith, L. T. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples (2. Aufl.). Zed Books.

Soini, K. & Dessein, J. (2016). Culture–sustainability relation: Towards a conceptual framework. Sustainability, 8(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020167

Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant observation. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Suzman, J. (2017). Affluence without abundance: The disappearing world of the Bushmen. Bloomsbury.

Sylvain, R. (2014). Essentially Khoisan: Postcolonial ethnography and the politics of indigeneity. In E. Hsu & S. M. E. Harris (Hrsg.), Ethnographies of development and globalization in Africa (S. 95–112). Berghahn Books.

Temple, B. & Young, A. (2004). Qualitative research and translation dilemmas. Qualitative Research, 4(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794104044430

UNESCO (2022). Education for sustainable development: A roadmap. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374802

Widlok, T. (1999). Living on Mangetti: “Bushman” autonomy and Namibian independence. Oxford University Press.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024, Oktober 18). Namibia strengthens child malnutrition measures. WHO Regional Office for Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/countries/namibia/news/namibia-strengthens-child-malnutrition-measures

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6. Aufl.). Sage.

Read More